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1.
Subj. procesos cogn ; 26(1): 73-99, ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1392525

ABSTRACT

Muchos niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultad en la comprensión de narraciones orales. Investigaciones relacionadas reportan peores desempeños en inferencias emocionales respecto a otros tipos de inferencias. En este estudio participaron 15 niños con TEA entre 8 y 12 años, agrupados según nivel intelectual. Se evaluó la memoria de trabajo, la atención sostenida y el vocabulario; y medidas de comprensión como, la generación de inferencias y el recuerdo de información literal. Los resultados evidenciaron mejores desempeños en preguntas a inferencias emocionales y explicativas en los lectores con TEA sin déficit cognitivo en comparación a sus pares con déficit cognitivo. Además, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en desempeños a preguntas de información literal. Finalmente, el grupo con déficit cognitivo mostró mejor rendimiento en preguntas de inferencias explicativas respecto a otro tipo de inferencias, estos desempeños podrían vincularse con el tipo de material, narraciones orales acompañadas de ilustraciones AU


A lot of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present difficulty in oral narrative comprehension. Related research reports worst performance in emotional inferences than other inferences type. This study involved 15 children with ASD between 8 and 12 years, grouped according to the intellectual level. Working memory, vocabulary and sustained attention were assessed. Also, comprehension measures such as generating inferences and recalling literal information. The results evidenced better performance in emotional and explanatory inference questions in readers with ASD and without cognitive deficit than their peers with cognitive deficit. In addition, no significant differences were found in performance on literal information questions. Finally, the group with cognitive deficit showed better performance in questions of explanatory inferences compared to other types of inferences, these performances could be linked to the type of material, oral narrations accompanied by illustrations AU


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Comprehension , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Language Disorders , Hispanic or Latino , Social Skills
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 82(2): 258-269, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389848

ABSTRACT

Resumen La hiperacusia se define como la intolerancia a ciertos sonidos cotidianos que causa angustia y discapacidad significativas en las actividades sociales, ocupacionales, recreativas y otras actividades cotidianas. Los sonidos pueden percibirse como incómodamente fuertes, desagradables, atemorizantes o dolorosos. Se encuentra presente en aproximadamente un 3% población general, y aumenta significativamente en trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), alcanzando entre un 15% a 40%. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos no son del todo claros, pero se ha propuesto, una alteración en el funcionamiento de mecanismos reflejos y de regulación, tanto a nivel de la vía auditiva periférica, como central, incluyendo estructuras no relacionadas directamente con la vía auditiva. El siguiente texto tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre hiperacusia y TEA, enfatizando en la frecuencia en que se presentan como comorbilidades, en los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos, y en actualizaciones en el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa en Pubmed con artículos entre los años 2008-2020 utilizando los términos: "hyperacusis autism", "sistema olivococlear", arrojando 39 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron en base a la temática de cada uno, evaluada por los autores. A pesar de una significativa relación entre hiperacusia y TEA, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de ambas patologías siguen siendo un misterio. Existen estudios que sugieren pruebas de screening no invasivas que relacionan ambas patologías, pero debido a los sesgos de selección, todavía no son factibles de usar en forma universal. El abordaje terapéutico ha sido poco explorado, y no se dispone de fármacos que hayan demostrado su efectividad, por el contrario, algunos de ellos empeoran la sintomatología. Se recomienda al tratante, seguir un camino largo, en conjunto con el paciente, donde las terapias no farmacológicas como la terapia cognitivo conductual han mostrado tener buenos resultados.


Abstract Hyperacusis is defined as intolerance to certain sounds that causes significant distress and disability in social, occupational, recreational and other activities. Sounds can be perceived as uncomfortably loud, unpleasant, frightening, or painful. It is present in approximately 3% of the general population, and increases significantly in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), between 15% and 40%. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not entirely clear, but an alteration in the functioning of reflex and regulatory mechanisms has been proposed, both at the peripheral and central auditory pathways, including structures not directly related to the auditory pathway. The therapeutic approach has been little explored as there are no drugs that have demonstrated their effectiveness, on the contrary, some of them worsen the symptoms. The practitioner is recommended to follow a long path, in conjunction with the patient, where non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy have been shown to have good results. The following text shows a review of the literature with articles referring to the subject between the years 2008-2019.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperacusis/epidemiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Hyperacusis/etiology , Auditory Pathways , Afferent Pathways , Efferent Pathways
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411974

ABSTRACT

La terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC), es el tratamiento de elección para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), principalmente la exposición con prevención de respuesta (EPR). En pacientes que presentan TOC co-ocurrente con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se cree que la TCC tendría un menor efecto debido al empobrecimiento de la comprensión de las propias emociones y de la rigidez cognitiva de estos pacientes. A través de la siguiente revisión se busca evaluar la efectividad de la TCC en pacientes que tengan TOC en asociación a TEA en niños, adolescentes y adultos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos, de los últimos 10 años, que abordasen la efectividad de la TCC en niños, adolescentes o adultos con TOC y TEA en conjunto. Resultados: A pesar de que no todos los estudios concuerdan en sus resultados, la mayoría de éstos, indican que hay efectividad en la TCC en disminuir la sintomatología del TOC en pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente tanto en niños como en adolescentes y adultos. Existen terapias de TCC con ciertas adaptaciones que mejorarían los resultados de estos pacientes al personalizar su tratamiento, por lo que se incentiva al mayor desarrollo de este tipo de terapias. Conclusión: Los estudios revisados respaldan que a pesar de la rigidez que presentan los pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente, la TCC es efectiva para tratar TOC en niños, adolescentes y adultos, especialmente al realizar adaptaciones de esta.


The treatment of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mainly exposure with response prevention (ERP). In patients with OCD co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is believed that CBT should have a lesser effect due to the impoverishment of the understanding of their own emotions and the cognitive rigidity of these patients. The following review seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in patients who have OCD in association with ASD in children, adolescents and adults. Methods: A search was carried out for articles, from the last 10 years, that addressed the effectiveness of CBT in children, adolescents or adults with OCD and ASD together. Results: Although not all studies agree on their results, most of these indicate that CBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in patients with co-occurring ASD in children, adolescents and adults. There are CBT therapies with certain adaptations that would improve the results of these patients by personalizing their treatment, which is why the further development of this type of therapy is encouraged. Conclusion: The reviewed studies support that despite the rigidity that patients with co-occurring ASD present, CBT is effective to treat OCD in children, adolescents and adults, especially when making adaptations to it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications
4.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(1): 22-29, Jan.-Feb. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154718

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To describe the effect of prednisolone on language in children with autism spectrum disorder. This study is based upon two hypotheses: autism etiology may be closely related to neuroinflammation; and, an effective treatment should restore the individual's language skills. Method: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, carried out in a federal university hospital. The initial patient sample consisted of 40 subjects, which were randomized into two parallel groups. Inclusion criteria were: male gender, 3-7 years of age, and meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria. The final sample consisted of 38 patients, of whom 20 were randomized to the placebo group and 18 to the active group. The latter received prednisolone for 24 weeks, at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day and a tapering dose from the ninth week onward. Language was measured on four occasions over a 12-month period by applying two Brazilian tools: the Language Development Assessment (ADL) and the Child Language Test in Phonology, Vocabulary, Fluency, and Pragmatics (ABFW). Results: The side effects were mild: two patients had hypertension, five had hyperglycemia, and two had varicella. Prednisolone increased the global ADL score in children younger than 5 years of age who had developmental regression (p = 0.0057). The ABFW's total of communicative acts also responded favorably in those participants with regression (p = 0.054). The ABFW's total of vocal acts showed the most significant results, especially in children younger than 5 years (p = 0.004, power = 0.913). Conclusions: The benefit of prednisolone for language scores was more evident in participants who were younger than five years, with a history of developmental regression, but the trial's low dose may have limited this benefit. The observed side effects do not contraindicate corticosteroid use in autism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Autistic Disorder/complications , Autistic Disorder/drug therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy , Brazil , Prednisolone , Prospective Studies
5.
ABCS health sci ; 46: e021401, 09 fev. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152238

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Among the communication impairments found in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), recently the literature has suggested a comorbid relationship with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The aim of the present study was to report the CAS assessment of 3 children diagnosed with ASD. REPORT: The subjects were three children aged 4 to 6 years, with a medical diagnosis of ASD. The language development assessment (LDA) was performed in the subjects, as well as the ABFW vocabulary evaluation and oral praxis (verbal, orofacial, a sequence of movements, and parallel movements) and evaluation of vocal, prosodic, and speech characteristics. All subjects had moderate language delay with better performance in the receptive area. Difficulties in oral praxis tasks were more evident in one of the subjects. Vocal, prosodic and speech features of all the cases were compatible with CAS. CONCLUSION: In the 3 cases reported, CAS signs were identified with impaired oral motor skills, prosody, and oral praxis, as well as inconsistent speech sound production.


INTRODUÇÃO: Dentre as dificuldades de comunicação encontradas em casos de Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), recentemente a literatura tem apontado uma relação de comorbidade com a apraxia de fala na infância (AFI). O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar a avaliação de AFI em 3 crianças com diagnóstico de TEA. RELATO: Os sujeitos foram três crianças com idades entre 4 e 6 anos, com diagnóstico médico de TEA. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação de linguagem, utilizando o teste avaliação de desenvolvimento da linguagem (ADL) e a prova de vocabulário do teste ABFW, avaliação das praxias orais (sonorizadas, orofaciais, sequência de movimentos e movimentos paralelos) e avaliação de características vocais, prosódicas e de fala. Verificou-se que todos os sujeitos apresentaram atraso moderado de linguagem com melhor desempenho em área receptiva. A dificuldade nas tarefas práxicas orais foram mais evidentes em um dos casos estudados. Já as alterações vocais, prosódicas e de fala compatíveis com AFI apareceram em todos os casos relatados. CONCLUSÃO: Nos três casos relatados, foi possível observar sinais de AFI, com prejuízos em habilidades motoras orais, prosódia e praxias orais, assim como inconsistência na produção dos sons da fala.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Apraxias/diagnosis , Speech , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Child Health , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Psychomotor Performance , Motor Skills
6.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 54(2): 173-182, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130592

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio sobre treinta pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) que asisten para su atención a centros especializados que funcionan en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y en el conurbano bonaerense. A todos ellos se les efectuó un estudio psico-neuro-cognitivo exhaustivo, según la escala IDEA (Inventario del Espectro Autista) que tiene el objetivo de evaluar doce dimensiones características significativas en estos pacientes, con cuatro niveles de puntuación en cada una de las dimensiones estudiadas. Los padres o tutores completaron una encuesta con datos epidemiológicos y se investigaron posibles factores de alergias y/o intolerancias presentes. Esta encuesta también se hizo extensiva a otras familias con niños autistas, para que los datos epidemiológicos fueran representativos de una población mayor. Sobre los treinta pacientes estudiados se dosaron anticuerpos antiendomisio y antitransglutaminasa, ambos asociados con la enfermedad celíaca; IgE total, asociada a procesos de alergia y a parasitosis; homocisteína sérica o urinaria, cortisol sérico o urinario y factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BNDF). Se trataron de establecer posibles asociaciones causales entre los parámetros estudiados y las manifestaciones de los trastornos autistas.


Thirty patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who attend specialized centers in Buenos Aires and its suburbs were carefully studied. All of them underwent a psycho-neuro-cognitive study. The psychologists used the IDEA (Autism Spectrum Inventory) scale which is focused on twelve characteristically significant dimensions with four typical levels in each of those dimensions studied. Their parents or guardians completed a survey with epidemiological data and possible factors of allergies and/or intolerance presence were investigated. This survey was also distributed among other families with children with ASD condition so that the epidemiological results were taken from a larger number of cases. Anti-endomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies usually related to celiac disease, total IgE related to allergic processes, homocysteine measures in serum or urine, cortisol measured in serum or urine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were dosed in all the cases. The aim was to establish possible causal associations between the studied parameters and the manifestations of the autism spectrum disorder.


Foi conduzido um estudo em trinta pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) que para serem atendidos frequentam centros especializados que operam na Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires e seus arrededores. Todos eles foram submetidos a um exaustivo estudo psico-neurocognitivo, de acordo com a escala IDEA (Inventário do Espectro Autista) que visa avaliar doze características significativas desses pacientes, com quatro níveis de pontuação em cada uma das dimensões estudadas. Os pais ou responsáveis responderam uma pesquisa com dados epidemiológicos e foram pesquisados possíveis fatores de alergias e / ou intolerâncias presentes. Essa pesquisa também foi estendida a outras famílias com crianças autistas, de modo que os dados epidemiológicos fossem representativos de uma população maior. Anticorpos antiendomísio e antitransglutaminase foram dosados nos trinta pacientes estudados, ambos associados à doença celíaca; IgE total associada a processos de alergia e a parasitose; homocisteína sérica ou urinária, cortisol sérico ou urinário e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BNDF). Tentou-se estabelecer possíveis associações causais entre os parâmetros estudados e as manifestações dos transtornos autistas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Neurobiology , Biomarkers , Allergy and Immunology , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Association , Attention , Celiac Disease , Cerebrum
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e271-e277, jun. 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116919

ABSTRACT

Los problemas médicos gastrointestinales, nutricionales, metabólicos, endocrinológicos y de microbiota en los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) son parte de los problemas médicos concomitantes al diagnóstico. La prevalencia alcanza a más del 91 % en el caso de los problemas gastrointestinales, hasta el 89 % para los nutricionales y metabólicos, más del 50 % de disfunción tiroidea y hasta el 100 % para los relacionados con la microbiota.Es urgente actualizar la práctica médica para incluir la evaluación, testeo, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estos problemas médicos concomitantes al diagnóstico de TEA en la población pediátrica, adolescente y adulta. El tratamiento riguroso de dichos problemas genera cambios positivos en la calidad de vida y en la sintomatología bajo la cual el TEA se diagnostica en muchos casos. Debe basarse en evidencia científica de alta calidad, con control y cuidado médico adecuado


Gastrointestinal, nutritional, metabolic, endocrine, and microbiota medical problems in pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are some of the coexisting medical conditions in ASD diagnosis. Their prevalence reaches more than 91 % for gastrointestinal problems, up to 89 % for nutritional and metabolic disorders, more than 50 % for thyroid dysfunction, and up to 100 % for microbiota-related conditions.There is an urgency for medical practice to be updated and to include the assessment, testing, diagnosis, and treatment of these coexisting medical conditions in ASD diagnosis in the pediatric, adolescent, and adult population. A strict management of such conditions results in positive changes in the quality of life and symptoms based on which ASD is diagnosed many times. It should be based on high-quality scientific evidence with an adequate medical care and control


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Endocrine System Diseases/metabolism , Microbiota , Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism , Concurrent Symptoms , Nutritional Status , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diet therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapy
8.
CoDAS ; 32(3): e20180287, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055907

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo identificar as terminologias mais utilizadas para designar o comportamento desproporcional a determinados sons (CDS) no TEA e sua relação com as respectivas ferramentas para sua investigação, assim como sua ocorrência e desfechos. Estratégia de pesquisa Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scielo e Lilacs. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram "autism", "hyperacusis" e "auditoryperception", com as seguintes combinações: "autism AND hyperacusis" e "autism AND auditoryperception". Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos os trabalhos com diagnóstico de TEA, de qualquer faixa etária; resumo disponível; Artigos em inglês, espanhol e português brasileiro; série de casos, estudos de prevalência e incidência, coorte e ensaios clínicos. Análise dos dados Foram analisados estudos com sujeitos com diagnóstico de TEA de qualquer faixa etária; referência no título e/ou resumo da ocorrência do CDS, aceitando os termos hiper-responsividade, hipersensibilidade e hiperacusia; resumo disponível; artigos em inglês, espanhol e português brasileiro; série de casos, estudos de prevalência e incidência, coorte e ensaios clínicos. Resultados Dos 692 estudos resultantes da consulta, foram identificados 13 que atendiam aos requisitos estabelecidos. Conclusão O termo hipersensibilidade auditiva foi o mais empregado para designar o CDS, seguido da hiperacusia. Não houve relação entre os termos e a respectiva ferramenta de investigação, sendo os questionários os mais utilizados para designar o referido comportamento, cuja frequência relatada foi de 42,1% a 69,0%. Os testes auditivos, quando realizados, mostraram o envolvimento das vias neurais auditivas, aferente e eferente.


ABSTRACT Purpose this paper aims to identify the most used terminologies to designate the disproportional behavior to sounds in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its relationship with the respective tools for its investigation, as well as its occurrence and outcomes. Research strategies the databases used were PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scielo and Lilacs. The keywords used were "autism", "hyperacusis" and "auditory perception", with the following combinations: "autism AND hyperacusis" and "autism AND auditory perception". Selection criteria individuals diagnosed with ASD of any age group; available abstract; papers in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese; case series, prevalence and incidence studies, cohort and clinical trials. Data analysis we analyzed studies with individuals diagnosed with ASD of any age group; reference in the title and/or summary of the occurrence of disproportional behavior to sounds, accepting the terms hyper-responsiveness, hypersensitivity and hyperacusis; summary available; papers in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese; series of cases, prevalence and incidence studies, cohort and clinical trials. Results Of the 692 studies resulting from the consultation, 13 studies could achieve the established requirements. Conclusion The term auditory hypersensitivity was the most commonly used to designate disproportional behavior to sounds, followed by hyperacusis. There was no relationship between the terms and the respective research tool, and the questionnaires were the most used to designate the referred behavior, whose reported frequency was from 42.1% to 69.0%. The auditory behavior tests when performed showed the involvement of the auditory, afferent and efferent neural pathways.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperacusis/etiology , Reflex, Acoustic/physiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Terminology as Topic , Hyperacusis/physiopathology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology
9.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 38: e2019080, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092141

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and gastrointestinal changes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of 39 children with ASD aged between three and ten years old, registered in the participating association. Nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index/age and weight/age, according to the guidelines from the World Health Organization. In order to investigate whether gastrointestinal alterations occurred, the interviewees answered a questionnaire about the presence of these symptoms within the last 30 days. In order to evaluate food consumption, a 24-hour recall questionnaire was applied and the food reported were grouped as: gluten sources, casein and ultra-processed sources. For the statistical analysis, Epi-Info software version 7.2 was used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with gastrointestinal alterations. Results: There was a high prevalence of overweight children with autism spectrum disorder (64.1%). No child was underweight. Thirty-four children (84.2%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. Consumption of gluten was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (β=0.38; 95%CI 0.07-0.75; p=0.02). Conclusions: The high prevalence of being overweight should be considered during the follow-up visits of children with ASD. The influence of gluten consumption on the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was observed in this study, and the causes involved in these alterations need to be further investigated.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a presença de alterações gastrintestinais em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, composto por 39 crianças autistas com idades entre três e dez anos, cadastradas na associação participante. O estado nutricional foi analisado a partir do índice de massa corporal/idade e do peso/idade, tendo como referências as curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para investigação das alterações gastrintestinais, o entrevistado respondeu sobre a presença de alterações nos últimos 30 dias. Na avaliação do consumo alimentar foi aplicado um recordatório de 24 horas e os alimentos listados foram categorizados em: fontes de glúten, fontes de caseína e ultraprocessados. A análise estatística utilizou o software Epi-Info, versão 7.2. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada para avaliar os fatores associados às alterações gastrintestinais. Resultados: Observou-se alta prevalência de excesso de peso nas crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (64,1%), não sendo registrada nenhuma criança com déficit de peso. Um total de 34 crianças (84,2%) apresentava alterações gastrintestinais. O consumo de glúten esteve associado às manifestações gastrintestinais (β=0,38; IC95% 0,07-0,75; p=0,02). Conclusões: A elevada prevalência do excesso de peso deve ser tratada com maior atenção em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista. Foi observada a influência do consumo de glúten no aparecimento das alterações gastrintestinais, sendo necessário que as causas envolvidas nessas alterações sejam mais bem investigadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutritional Status , Overweight/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Body Mass Index , Diet Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Glutens/administration & dosage , Glutens/adverse effects
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(6): 705-712, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056657

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study examined the growth status and physical development of Brazilian children with autism spectrum disorders from 4 to 15 years of age. Furthermore, it was examined whether variation in growth patterns and weight status was influenced by the use of psychotropic medications. Methods: One-hundred and twenty children aged 3.6-12.1 years at baseline (average = 7.2 years, SD = 2.3 years) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders were measured on three repeated occasions across a 4-year period. Stature, body mass, and body mass index were considered. Bayesian multilevel modeling was used to describe the individual growth patterns. Results: Growth in stature was comparable to the age-specific 50th percentile for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference data until approximately 8 years, but a substantial decrease in growth rate was observed thereafter, reaching the age-specific 5th percentile at 15 years of age. Both body mass and body mass index values were, on average, higher than both the Brazilian and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age-specific 95th percentile reference until 8 years, but below the 50th specific-age percentile at the age of 15 years. Conclusions: Brazilian boys with autism spectrum disorders between 4 and 15 years appear to have impaired growth in stature after 8-9 years of age, likely impacting pubertal growth. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in early childhood, although a trend of substantial decrease in body mass and body mass index was apparent when children with autism spectrum disorders entered the years of pubertal development.


RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo examinou o estado de crescimento e o desenvolvimento físico de crianças brasileiras com transtornos do espectro autista entre 4 e 15 anos. Adicionalmente, examinamos se a variação nos padrões de crescimento e na massa corporal foi influenciada pelo uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Métodos: 120 crianças com idades entre 3,6 e 12,1 anos no início do estudo (média = 7,2 anos, DP = 2,3 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos do espectro autista foram avaliadas em três ocasiões repetidas em um período de 4 anos. Foram considerados estatura, massa corporal e índice de massa corporal. O modelo multinível bayesiano foi utilizado para descrever os padrões de crescimento individual. Resultados: O crescimento em estatura foi comparável ao percentil 50 específico para a idade para os dados de referência do Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos até cerca de 8 anos. Porém, foi observada uma redução substancial na taxa de crescimento depois dos 8 anos, atingindo o percentil 5 específico para a idade aos 15 anos de idade. Tanto os valores de massa corporal quanto de índice de massa corporal foram, em média, maiores comparativamente ao percentil 95 específico para a idade até aos 8 anos da referência brasileira e do Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos, porém abaixo do percentil 50 específico para a idade aos 15 anos de idade. Conclusões: Os meninos brasileiros com transtornos do espectro autista entre 4 e 15 anos parecem ter retardo do crescimento na estatura após os 8-9 anos, provavelmente afeta o crescimento púbere. Foi observada uma alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na primeira infância, apesar de uma tendência de redução substancial na massa corporal e no índice de massa corporal ter sido aparente quando as crianças com transtornos do espectro autista entraram nos anos de desenvolvimento púbere.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Body Height , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Body Mass Index , Child Development , Longitudinal Studies , Bayes Theorem , Overweight/etiology , Obesity/etiology
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(supl.3): 33-36, set. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040547

ABSTRACT

El sueño es uno de los actos fisiológicos más importantes para la estructuración funcional y anatómica de áreas del sistema nervioso central. Las alteraciones del sueño durante la infancia y su relación con trastornos del neurodesarrollo es compleja y sumam ente interesante, donde destaca la multiplicidad de causas de estos trastornos. Bajo esta premisa se realiza una revisión sobre las alteraciones del sueño en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo (TND), por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y del espectro autista (TEA). El sueño está presente desde la etapa fetal y va modificando su expresión en sintonía con la madurez del sistema nervioso central. Los trastornos del sueño y su relación con TDAH, TEA y otros TND son complejos, pero existen avances sobre la etiología de los mismos. Una mayor compresión de las funciones pleiotrópicas de los genes implicados en los trastornos del ciclo vigilia-sueño y en las desviaciones del desarrollo neurológico podría conducir a nuevas estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas de manera precoz con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, familiares y cuidadores.


The development and establishment of the normal sleep patterns are very important processes in the final anatomical and physiological architecture of the central nervous system. The relationship between sleep disturbances during childhood with neurodevelopmental disorders is complex and potentially synergistic. Sleep patterns are present since the fetal period but their structure and physiology is modified according with the maturation of the central nervous system. Sleep disorders and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders(ADHD), autism spectrum disorders(ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (TDN) are not well understood yet, but significant progresses have been made in understanding associations and potential etiological correlations. We reviewed sleep disturbances in NDT, in ADHD and in ASD. A greater understanding of the pleiotropic functions of the genes involved in sleep-wake cycle disorders and deviations from neurological developme nt could lead to new diagnostic and therapeut ic strategies in an early stage in order to improve the quality of life of the patient, relatives and caregivers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/genetics , Circadian Rhythm , Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(1,supl.1): 38-43, abr. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002603

ABSTRACT

Las conductas auto estimulatorias y auto lesivas son muy frecuentes en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, siendo una fuente de ansiedad y sufrimiento importante tanto para las personas que las presentan como para sus familias. En ocasiones estas conductas son tan intensas y frecuentes que llegan a ser un peligro para la salud del sujeto. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre las diferentes vías de atención de estas conductas desarrolladas hasta el momento, y se expone la metodología aplicada en nuestra clínica, presentando datos recopilados sobre el efecto de la terapia sobre las conductas auto lesivas y auto estimulatorias en 20 casos, como punto de partida para próximas investigaciones. Se destaca el modelo de integración sensorial que complementa el tratamiento farmacológico y el cognitivo conductual, ya que considera relevante las necesidades sensoriales y entrena la capacidad de auto regulación funcional.


Self-stimulatory and self-injurious behaviors are very frequent in neurodevelopmental disorders, being a source of anxiety and suffering for persons who have that behavior and their families. Sometimes these behaviors are so intense and frequent that it becomes a self-integrity risk. A bibliographic review was conducted on the different approaches that have been developed until today; in addition, this article explains the methodology applied in our clinic, with a data collection on the effect of therapy on self-injurious and self-stimulatory behaviors in 20 cases, as a starting point for future research. The sensory integration model that complements pharmacological and behavioral cognitive treatment is highlighted, since it considers sensory needs relevant and trains the capacity for functional self-regulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Therapy/methods , Self-Injurious Behavior/rehabilitation , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Self Stimulation , Sensation , Self-Injurious Behavior/complications , Self-Injurious Behavior/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications
13.
CoDAS ; 31(4): e20180212, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019724

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure the effects of a Computer-based Auditory Training Program (CBATP) on an adolescent diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). This is the case report of a male, 14-year-old adolescent diagnosed with ASD. The individual was submitted to basic audiological evaluation, central auditory processing assessment and hearing electrophysiology (EP), pre- and post-therapeutic intervention. Central auditory processing (CAP) was assessed by means of the following instruments: Time-compressed Speech Test (TCST), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT), Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSWT), Frequency (Pitch) Pattern Sequence Test (FPST), and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The P300 component of the Event-related Potential (ERP) was used in the hearing EP. Pre-intervention assessment of CAP showed changes in the auditory skills of closure, figure-ground and temporal ordering, but normal temporal resolution ability. Post-intervention evaluation of CAP showed improvement in all previously mentioned auditory skills, except for the figure-ground ability, which remained unchanged. Regarding the findings of the hearing EP, a decrease in the latency of the P300 component was observed pre- and post-intervention. This study demonstrated that the use of a CBATP resulted in improvement in the hearing abilities assessed in an adolescent diagnosed with ASD.


RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar o efeito do treinamento auditivo computadorizado em um adolescente diagnosticado com Transtorno do Espectro Autista e Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo. Participou do estudo um adolescente de 14 anos, do sexo masculino, diagnosticado com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O sujeito foi submetido à avaliação audiológica básica, avaliação do processamento auditivo central e avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição pré e pós-intervenção. A avaliação do processamento auditivo foi composta do Teste de Fala Comprimida (FC), Randon Gap Detection Test (RGDT), Staggered Spondaic Words (SSW), Teste de Padrão de Frequência (TPF) e Teste de Padrão de Duração (TPD). Na avaliação eletrofisiológica, utilizou-se o Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cognitivo (P300). Na avaliação do processamento auditivo central pré-intervenção terapêutica, observou-se alteração nas habilidades de fechamento auditivo, figura-fundo e ordenação temporal. Na habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal, o sujeito da pesquisa demonstrou desempenho dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Na realização do processamento auditivo central, foi possível observar melhora nos resultados de todas as habilidades auditivas citadas anteriormente, exceto na habilidade de figura-fundo, que permaneceu alterada. Quantos aos achados da avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição, verificou-se diminuição da latência do componente P300 na comparação dos resultados pré e pós-treinamento auditivo. Este estudo demonstrou que a utilização de treinamento auditivo trouxe como efeito uma melhora das habilidades auditivas avaliadas de um adolescente diagnosticado com Transtorno do Espectro Autista.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Language Development Disorders/rehabilitation , Longitudinal Studies , Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/etiology , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(5): 684-687, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973674

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, el escorbuto es una entidad infrecuente en pediatría. Se han publicado reportes de casos que describen la enfermedad en lactantes alimentados con leche hervida, en pacientes con sobrecarga de hierro por enfermedades hematológicas y en niños con restricciones alimentarias por trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 4 años con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista que desarrolló la enfermedad por un hábito alimentario selectivo de larga evolución, sin ingesta de frutas ni verduras. La importancia del reporte radica en informar al pediatra y a otros profesionales dedicados a la atención primaria de salud acerca del desarrollo de escorbuto como potencial consecuencia de las dietas restrictivas en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo y de la trascendencia de la anamnesis alimentaria en pacientes con patología para evitar enfermedades asociadas a micronutrientes.


Scurvy is a very uncommon entity in pediatric population. Some case reports have been published in infants fed with boiled milk, in patients with iron overload secondary to hematological diseases and in children with food restrictions secondary to neurodevelopmental disorders. We report a case of a 4-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, which developed scurvy secondary to a long-term selective eating habit without fruit or vegetable intake. The objective of this case report is to announce the pediatrician and other professionals dedicated to primary health care about scurvy as a potential consequence of restrictive diets in children with autism spectrum disorders as well as the importance of dietary history in sick patients to prevent associated micronutrient deficiencies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Scurvy/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Feeding Behavior , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Scurvy/etiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(4): 342-350, July-Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954629

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The clinical picture of children with autism spectrum disorder is characterized by deficits of social interaction and communication, as well as by repetitive interests and activities. Sensory abnormalities are a very frequent feature that often go unnoticed due to the communication difficulties of these patients. This narrative review summarizes the main features of sensory abnormalities and the respective implications for the interpretation of several signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, and therefore for its management. Sources: A search was performed in PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine) about the sensory abnormalities in subjects (particularly children) with autism spectrum disorder. Summary of the findings: Sensory symptoms are common and often disabling in children with autism spectrum disorder, but are not specific for autism, being a feature frequently described also in subjects with intellectual disability. Three main sensory patterns have been described in autism spectrum disorder: hypo-responsiveness, hyper-responsiveness, and sensory seeking; to these, some authors have added a fourth pattern: enhanced perception. Sensory abnormalities may negatively impact the life of these individuals and their families. An impairment not only of unisensory modalities but also of multisensory integration is hypothesized. Conclusions: Atypical sensory reactivity of subjects with autism spectrum disorder may be the key to understand many of their abnormal behaviors, and thus it is a relevant aspect to be taken into account in their daily management in all the contexts in which they live. A formal evaluation of sensory function should be always performed in these children.


Resumo Objetivo: O quadro clínico de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo é caracterizado por déficits de interação social e comunicação, bem como por interesses e atividades repetitivos. As alterações sensoriais são uma característica muito frequente que geralmente não é percebida devido às dificuldades de comunicação desses pacientes. Nesta análise narrativa, resumimos as principais características de alterações sensoriais e as respectivas implicações para a interpretação de vários sinais e sintomas do transtorno do espectro do autismo e, portanto, para seu manejo. Fontes: Fizemos uma busca no PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos) sobre as alterações sensoriais em indivíduos (principalmente crianças) com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Resumo dos achados: As alterações sensoriais são comuns e geralmente invalidam as crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo, porém não são específicas do autismo, sendo uma característica frequentemente descrita também em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual. Três principais padrões sensoriais foram descritos no transtorno do espectro do autismo: hiporreatividade, hiperreatividade e busca sensorial; a eles, alguns autores acrescentaram um quarto padrão: percepção aprimorada. As alterações sensoriais podem afetar negativamente a vida desses indivíduos e de suas famílias. Hipotetizamos uma deficiência não apenas das modalidades não sensoriais, mas também da integração multissensorial. Conclusões: A reatividade sensorial atípica de indivíduos com transtorno do espectro do autismo pode ser a chave para entender muitos de seus comportamentos anormais e, portanto, é um aspecto relevante para ser considerado em seu manejo diário em todos os contextos nos quais eles vivem. Sempre se deve fazer uma avaliação formal da função sensorial nessas crianças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sensation Disorders/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Sensation Disorders/classification
16.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 35(1/2): 122-130, ene.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998513

ABSTRACT

Paciente Felipe S. S., 24 años. Soltero. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. Antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares (+). A 2 años, el diagnóstico de Autismo. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. 18 años: conducta disruptiva, irritable, agresivo, intento de suicido. Examen mental en contexto hospitalario: Contacto autista, asintónico. Hipomímico, con escasos movimientos complementarios. Con signos catatónicos de presentación intermitente (imantación, pseudoflexibilidad cérea). Además, presenta frecuentemente ecolalia. Presencia de alucinaciones auditivas (impresionan del mundo externo, a veces personificadas y otras anónimas), visuales y cinestésicas. Presenta constantes desajustes conductuales, con inquietud psicomotora transitoria y reiteradas agresiones hacia personal. Tratamiento farmacológico: Clozapina 500 mg. al día. Olanzapina 30 mg al día. Ácido Valproico 750 mg al día.


Felipe S. S., 24 years old. Single. Special school up to 15 years. Family psychiatric history (+). At 2 years, the diagnosis of Autism. Special school up to 15 years. 18 years: disruptive, irritable, aggressive behavior, attempted suicide. Mental examination in hospital context: Autistic, asyntonic contact. Hipomimic, with few complementary movements. With catatonic signs of intermittent presentation (magnetization, waxy pseudoflexibility). In addition, he frequently presents echolalia. Presence of auditory hallucinations (impressions of the external world, sometimes personified and others anonymous), visual and kinesthetic. He presents constant behavioral imbalances, with transient psychomotor restlessness and repeated aggressions towards personnel. Pharmacological treatment: Clozapine 500 mg. up to date. Olanzapine 30 mg daily. Valproic Acid 750 mg daily.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Psychotic Disorders/complications , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential
17.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(3): 180-187, July-Sept. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904587

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To investigate the eating behavior of individuals with autism through their mothers' narratives. Methods The study of narratives was used to report on the narrators' experiences. Data on the eating habits of individuals with autism were collected using semi-structured interviews held individually with the mothers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and codified using the NVivo software program. Results Eighteen mothers of boys/young men with autism participated in the study. Analysis yielded three major categories: eating patterns, the family's attitudes to the child's eating habits, and food-related behavior. Conclusion Results show that autism-related factors may affect the child's food choices. Environmental factors, particularly the parents' behavior, may also play a decisive role, both in reinforcing the child's food choices and in encouraging a healthier and more diversified diet. Professionals should instruct parents regarding their decisive role in reinforcing or discouraging inappropriate mealtime behavior in children with autism.


Resumo Objetivo Investigar o comportamento alimentar de indivíduos com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) através das narrativas de suas mães. Métodos Os dados sobre os hábitos alimentares dos indivíduos com TEA foram coletados utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas individualmente com as mães. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e codificadas usando o programa NVivo. Resultados Dezoito mães de meninos/jovens homens com autismo participaram do estudo. A análise produziu três categorias principais: padrões alimentares, a atitude da família em relação aos hábitos alimentares da criança e comportamentos relacionados à alimentação. Conclusão Os resultados mostram que os fatores relacionados ao autismo podem afetar as escolhas alimentares da criança. Os fatores ambientais, particularmente o comportamento dos pais, também podem desempenhar um papel decisivo, tanto no reforço das escolhas alimentares da criança quanto no incentivo a uma dieta mais saudável e diversificada. Os profissionais devem instruir os pais sobre o seu papel decisivo no reforço ou desencorajamento do comportamento inapropriado nas refeições em crianças com TEA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Feeding Behavior , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Attitude to Health , Feeding and Eating Disorders/complications , Child Behavior , Interviews as Topic , Narration , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Middle Aged , Mothers
18.
CoDAS ; 29(2): e20160081, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840126

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar elementos prosódicos de segmentos da fala de escolares com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e comparar com grupo controle, por meio de uma análise acústica. Método Foram realizadas gravações da fala de uma amostra de indivíduos com TEA (n=19) e com desenvolvimento típico (n=19) do gênero masculino, intervalo: 8-33 anos. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se como roteiro o questionário de prosódia do ALiB (Atlas Linguístico Brasileiro), que contém frases interrogativas, afirmativas e imperativas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software PRAAT e encaminhados para tratamento estatístico com o intuito de verificar possíveis diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos estudados em cada parâmetro prosódico avaliado (frequência fundamental, intensidade e duração) e suas respectivas variáveis. Resultados Verificou-se que houve diferenças significantes para as variáveis tessitura, amplitude melódica de vogal tônica, amplitude melódica de vogal pretônica, intensidade máxima, intensidade mínima, duração de vogal tônica, duração de vogal pretônica e duração de enunciado. Conclusão Indivíduos com TEA apresentam diferenças marcantes na prosódia em comparação aos com desenvolvimento típico. Ressalta-se, no entanto, a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a caracterização de aspectos prosódicos da fala de indivíduos com TEA com uma amostragem maior e faixa etária mais restrita.


ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to analyze prosodic elements of speech segments of students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and compare with the control group, using an acoustic analysis. Methods Speech recordings were performed with a sample of individuals with ASD (n = 19) and with typical development (n = 19) of the male gender, age range: 8-33 years. The prosody questionnaire ALIB (Brazilian Linguistic Atlas) was used as script, which contains interrogative, affirmative and imperative sentences. Data were analyzed using the PRAAT software and forwarded to statistical analysis in order to verify possible significant differences between the two groups studied in each prosodic parameter evaluated (fundamental frequency, intensity and duration) and its respective variables. Results There were significant differences for the variables tessitura, melodic amplitude of tonic vowel, melodic amplitude of pretonic vowel, maximum intensity, minimum intensity, tonic vowel duration, pretonic vowel duration and phrase duration. Conclusion Individuals with ASD present significant differences in prosody compared to those with typical development. It is noteworthy, however, the necessity of additional studies on the characterization of prosodic aspects of speech of individuals with ASD with a larger sample and a more restricted age group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Speech Production Measurement , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Phonation , Speech Acoustics , Speech Disorders/etiology , Voice Quality , Case-Control Studies , Child Language , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications
19.
CoDAS ; 28(6): 753-757, nov.-dez. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828576

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar e comparar o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno Específico de Linguagem e Fala (TEL) e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em teste formal e padronizado que avalia a competência de linguagem, especificamente em prova de ambiguidade. Método A amostra foi constituída por 19 indivíduos, de 6 a 14 anos, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo TEA (9) e Grupo TEL (10). Utilizamos a prova de Sentenças Ambíguas do Teste de Competência de Linguagem – TLC (Wiig, Secord, 1989). Para a análise, foram comparadas as pontuações totais dos grupos. Resultados Houve diferença significativa com melhor desempenho do grupo TEL em comparação ao grupo TEA. Conclusão Foi possível analisar e comparar a performance dos grupos em atividade metalinguística e verificar melhor desempenho do grupo Transtorno Específico de Linguagem e Fala em relação ao Transtorno do Espectro Autista, na interpretação de informações ambíguas.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify and compare the performance of children and adolescents with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a formal, standardized test that assesses language competence, more specifically comprehension of ambiguity. Methods The sample comprised 19 individuals aged 6 to 14 years, of both genders, divided into two groups: ASD Group (9) and SLI Group (10). Participants were assessed using the Test of Language Competence – TLC; Ambiguous Sentences subtest (Wiig, Secord, 1989). Analysis included the comparison of the total scores in both groups. Results We found significant difference between the groups, with better performance of the SLI Group compared with that of the ASD Group. Conclusion It was possible to analyze and compare the performance of both groups in a metalinguistic activity. We observed better performance of the SLI group compared with that of the ASD Group in the interpretation of ambiguous information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Comprehension , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Language Development Disorders/complications , Child Language , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Language Tests
20.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 52(3): 20-28, jul.-set. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2611

ABSTRACT

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é considerado um distúrbio global do desenvolvimento que atinge a linguagem, a cognição e a interação social. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil diagnóstico de pacientes com o transtorno do espectro autista atendidos no Ambulatório de Neurogenética da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 122 prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista em acompanhamento regular no ambulatório de neurogenética da UNISUL entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada a razão de 3 meninos para cada menina com TEA. O sexo feminino foi fator de risco para outros problemas de saúde. Problemas do sono e pais com problemas psiquiátricos estiveram associados a outras patologias clínicas e psiquiátricas. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os pacientes com TEA, o sexo feminino, história de pais com problemas psiquiátricos, e distúrbios do sono apresentaram associação estatística com comorbidades neurológicas, respiratórias e genéticas.


The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a global disorder of the human development and it involves language, cognition and social interaction. AIM: To describe the diagnosis profile of patients living with ASD and attending the Neurogenetics Ambulatory of the Santa Catarina Southern University (UNISUL). METHODS: There have been analyzed 122 medical records of patients diagnosed with ASD in regular follow-up in the UNISUL's Neurogenetics Ambulatory between 2010 and 2013. RESULTS: The gender ratio of three boys to each girl in the sample have been found. Female gender was a risk factor for the occurrence of other medical conditions. Sleeping issues and parents with mental disorders were associated to other diseases. CONCLUSION: Among the patients with ASD, female gender, having parents with mental disorders and presenting sleeping problems were associated with neurological, respiratory and genetic comorbidities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Social Behavior Disorders/etiology , Brazil , Comorbidity , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Language Development Disorders/etiology
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